A Boy Called It essays

A Boy Called It essays The story A Child Called It, by David Pelzer is one of the most astonishing chronicles about his survival through child abuse. The biography is viewed through the childs eyes for the purpose to help others heal from traumatic pasts. The story of David Pelzers childhood is imperative to be available to readers because of the life lessons the book bestow and the quality of Pelzers compelling writing. A Child Called It is basically about one childs courage to survive. During the 1970s, Pelzers child abuse was recorded to be the third most severe in the state of California. He endured both physical and mental cruelty to his emotionally unstable, alcoholic mother, Catherine Roerva. David Pelzer was brutally beaten, starved, and tortured so much that she no longer considered him a son or a boy, but just it. Many lessons can apply to the book and one can interpret the theme in dissimilar ways. I believe the storys primary lesson is that ones courage and willpower is liable to facilitate ones survival. Life will go on no matter how atrocious circumstances seem. I wanted to show the bitch that she could beat me only if I died, and I was determined not to give in, even to death. [Pg. 91] The passage shows David Pelzer willpower and determination; he believed he could win and attain his mothers torture and cruelty. Even though his ambition to survive consisted of loathing his mother, the lesson exemplifies how good determination can result in triumph. Overall, the biography of David Pelzers childhood was ghastly. Though each struggle he goes though, the reader can find himself enduring his pain, comforting his loneliness, and fighting for his will to survive. The detail Pelzer writes gives the readers an awakening to the truth about child abuse. When his mother forces David to eat ammonia, he vividly describes My thro...

Managing and Leading Strategic Change

Managing and Leading Strategic Change Introduction According to Weick and Quinn (1999), organizational change is a fundamental practice. Organizational change involves numerous practices that aim at introducing new approaches. Enhancement of organizational functions leads to the improvement of performance in organizations. It includes the restructuring of organizational functions so as to pave the way for the introduction of the desired changes in the organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing and Leading Strategic Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In most cases, the change affects the culture of an organization as it may call for an overhaul of organizational norms and routines. In this paper, it is argued that organizations have varying practices. The introduction of these practices impede to the management of change. According to Cameron Green (2004), the success and sustainability of organizational performance can be achieved throu gh the strategic management of change in organizations. When managing change in companies, managers need to be aware of the potential impacts of introducing change programs in the organization (Burnes, 2004). The most critical factor that needs to be given attention in the management of organizational change is the culture of an organization. Strategic change often affects the culture of a company and should thus be planned and implemented by factoring in all the operational features of organization (Stace and Dunphy, 1991). This paper discusses the management of strategic change in business ventures. The study looks into organizational culture and how it is affected by strategic change. The paper discusses how the culture of an organization affects the introduction and implementation of change programs. In the paper, it is argued that organizational culture can affect organizational change in either a positive or negative way. Organizational Culture Theory and strategic change Orga nizational culture entails the values, beliefs and attitudes that are held by a firm. These elements define the practices implemented in an organization. Organizational members often consider organizational realities based on their practices. Patterns of behaviour in organizations are best explained through observing the culture of organizations. Culture is critical to the routine operation of a firm. Management of the organization is faceted by the culture of the particular company (Daft, Murphy Willmott, 2010). Therefore, any force that is likely to induce changes in the culture of an organization brings about disturbances to its management. However, modern organizations operate in an environment that is dynamic and continues changing all the time.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means that they have to keep adjusting their managerial styles. This has a dir ect impact on culture. In most cases, organizational change programs are seen as sources of conflict in the managerial practices of organizations. Change brings about new practices. Organizational members often get it hard to adapt to the new practices because of the habit to use long-held approaches (Amagoh, 2008). According to Stace and Dunphy (1991), organizational culture shapes the internal environment of a company. Culture in the context of an organization is composed of many practices, which define the operational environment of an organization. It includes the long-held assumptions, practices and norms. It also includes the rules and modes of organizational operations developed over a long span of time. The long-held practices of an organization are often normalized and form part of the code of conduct for the organizational employees. Culture includes written and unwritten codes to which organizational employees are to be adhered. They are considered to be valid by organiza tional members and thus commonly accepted and widely practiced. The valid practices and long-held patterns of conducting organizational practices are combined to form the corporate culture. The corporate culture presents itself in a number of ways. The main way through which the corporate culture is manifested in the organization is the mode of business activities. The flow of business transactions differs from one organization to another. The nature in which firms are organized is part of the culture of the company. The other salient feature which depicts the culture of a certain business venture is the manner in which power is distributed in the entity (Fineman, 2008). Power structure which defines the distribution of power and authority in organization varies from one company to the other. This separates one firm from another, hence it is a component of organizational culture. The treatment of organizational workers, customers and the other publics is also a component of organiza tional culture. Therefore, it is worthwhile to deduce that organizational culture is derived from a wide range of organizational functions. The manner in which these functions are performed by companies is what is referred to as corporate culture. Corporate culture defines the characteristics of organizations and how they play out in the interaction between the organization and the environment in which the business operates (Fineman, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing and Leading Strategic Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The relationship between organizational culture and strategic change management Organizational culture is the strongest force in organizations. Therefore, it is quite hard to eliminate the long-held practices in a company. However, organizational change has forces which demand a restructuring of organizational operations. With organizational change, the interruption of the cultu re of an organization is an unavoidable activity. Strategic change management is a desired activity in organizations given to the fact that organizations operate in an environment that keeps changing. Change, which occurs in the external environment, necessitates strategic change in organizations as well. The goals and objectives set by the firm are patterned by strategies. Strategies help in the organization to discharge of duties among its workers and managers. They propel organizations towards meeting the laid-down goals. The need for organizational change emanates from forces in the larger environment in which firms carry out their activities. In order to adjust to the forces and maintain their performance records, organizations are often forced to make adjustments to their activities. This helps them in absorbing the stocks from these forces and forging ahead with their operations without impediments. In some cases, change is not only necessitated by the forces of the external environment (Clegg, Kornberger and Pitsis, 2005). The need for improvement of internal efficiency also necessitates organizational change. Strategic change management is a process that entails a deep look into the operations of the environment and the need to improve the operations through the introduction of new ways of handling organizational tasks. Strategic change can take place in two ways. One of the models of strategic change in companies is the introduction of new programs to replace the prevailing programs. Such cases occur when there is a need for an overhaul of organizational functions so as to meet the demands of the external environment of a firm (Fineman, 2008). For a business company, this is a common practice due to the existence of competition from the external environment. Business firms face a lot of competition in the market, therefore, they keep monitoring trends in the industry and adjust to those trends accordingly. They also keep monitoring other business fir ms which are considered to be their rivals.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, change in strategy by their competitors forces them to make changes to an equal degree in order not to be competitively disadvantaged in the market. As they keep working, organizational managers seek to identify areas of weakness in organizations. Organizational weakness resonates from a number of features. These include policies, structure, operational environment and strategies (Bamford and Forrester, 2003). The identification of the areas of weakness is a crucial step for organizational managers as these areas are the sources of inefficiency in the operation of the companies. Therefore, change is needed in streamlining areas which have weaknesses. This means that the routine operations will be interfered with so that the operations can be streamlined. Organizational change is a continuous process. Change occurs in cycles. This means that change cannot be avoided. Change prevails at all times. Strategic change has an enormous impact on the organizational culture. With o rganizational change, the culture of an organization is often subjected to adjustments (Bamford and Forrester, 2003). According to Teece, Pisano and Shuen (1997), organizations keep seeking for better means of improving efficiency and effectiveness in performance. Unlike in the ancient times when organizations stuck to certain modes of operation, modern organization are dynamic. The ancient environment favoured the maintenance of organizational culture because the ancient operating market was less competitive as compared to the current one which is distinguished for high competition. Modern organizations highly embrace dynamism. This is caused by the fact that there is high competition and the need to attain a competitive position in order to benefit from the operational environment. Organizations keep searching for mechanisms of improving the processes of management. Strategic change management is thus a dynamic process which enables organizations to develop and implement strategic goals. Strategic goals are often detailed and seek to address issues within organizations. Organizations engage in a wide rage of activities. Most of these activities force organizations to make changes to their structures (Teece, Pisano and Shuen, 1997). Corporate change and strategic management – influence on organizational culture Organizations seek to raise the levels of performance by diversifying their programs and functions. Corporate strategies lead organizations to the attainment of practices and activities that help them in meeting their corporate goals. Corporate change starts by the evaluation of the competitive landscape within which an organization works. Organizations are required to analyse their capabilities. Capabilities of organizations are reflected in their assets and liabilities. Strategies of change are often developed based on operational capacity of firms. Strategic changes are implemented using organizational resources. This means that limitation of organizational resources will often pose difficulties in the implementation of corporate change. Corporate change entails cumulative changes that are made to the design of organizations (Lucke, 2003). Corporate change is driven by the need for an improvement of organizational practices so as to capitalize on opportunities that exist in the operational environment. On the other hand, corporate change may be directed at eliminating harmful effects that come from the environment. All in all, the motives for organizational change are to improve the performance of an organization. In situations where the forces in the environment are too strong, companies may be forced to use resources to put them in a position in which they cannot be swayed by the forces. In case of mounting pressures from external organizations, businesses are left with limited options. They work under limited timelines. If it takes them longer to adapt to changes, they are bound to fail. Thus, they make quick adjustm ents to corporate functions. This is a risky exercise and puts organizations in a tight angle. Corporate change has to be aligned with organizational strategies. However, this is a daunting task because change results in modification of organizational culture from which organizational strategies are derived (Alvesson, M Sveningsson, 2007). As earlier observed, the current management environment is competitive and highly dynamic. Therefore, firms engage in various activities to help them in keeping pace with their rivals. Organizations must learn to deal with different pressures that result from change as it is a process that cannot be avoided (Argyris, 2001). Organizational change is an activity that has a high degree of dynamism. An example of such activities that are commonly practiced by firms as a way of raising their competitive strengths are mergers and acquisitions (Kavanagh Ashkanasy, 2006). Mergers and acquisitions are among the practices in strategic change management. T hey are part of the operational strategies that are applied by many firms today (Buono Bowditch, 2003). They have an immense impact on the culture of organizations involved. Acquisitions and mergers have proved to be effective mechanisms of attaining growth, corporate diversity and rationalization of organizational operations. According to Van Knippenberg and van Leeuwen (2001), mergers and acquisitions entail a wide range of activities which have a direct effect on the culture of organizations. When organizations involve in merger and acquisitions, they are forced to adopt new models of working. Firms which have emerged often come up with a new charter that defines the functioning of the resultant organizations. Structures of operation used by each organization keep changing. This means that new cultures are developed by such strategic practices of managing firms. Therefore, organizational leaders that are involved in conducting merger and acquisitions are often faced with difficu lt tasks. They have to ensure that they align the structures of the organization with its function. Stable working organizations are developed when the culture of companies, taking part in merger exercise, is properly aligned (Kavanagh Ashkanasy, 2006). This helps in eliminating hitches that may hinder the work of such organizations. Introduction of new structures involves a change in the style of leadership in organizations. Change in organizational leadership necessitates modifications in the pattern of work. Experts in strategic leadership and management argue that change in cross organizational contact is realized when organizations communicate changes to all their members (King et al., 2004; Herscovitch and Meyer, 2002). The impact of radical change on the stability of organizational members Huy (2002) observed that there are different circumstances that necessitate the introduction of change programs in organizations. In a number of cases, organizational managers introduce ra pid change to contain certain situations. Rapid change is introduced to aid in arresting certain situation which seem trivial to organizational functioning. While rapid change programs are applauded for mitigating the barriers to organizational performance, they also have negative effects on the emotional stability of the companies. Rapid changes come with rapid adjustments to work patterns in the businesses. In most cases, employees are taken aback with these change programs. Stability of emotions among organizational employees is a crucial factor. Employees feel more content when they are performing the tasks that they are used in organizations. Rapid changes introduced may require employees to perform the tasks which they had gotten used to performing in the past. The nature and pace of adjustments are defined by the rapid change programs which are often undesired. The situation is further aggravated if there is a failure of organizational managers to perform a quick assessment o f the organization, prior to introducing such program (Fineman, 2003). In most cases, such programs end up failing to meet their intended objectives because they do not take into account the emotional state of organizational employees. The emotional state of employees is determined by the operational norms of an organization, thence organizational culture. Every activity, which has the potential to sway the mental state of employees, needs to be approached with caution. Therefore, the quality of strategic management is critical at this stage. The introduction of such change programs calls for closer supervision, guidance and continuous encouragement of workers as they perform the stipulated tasks. Emotional intelligence management is highly desired in the discharge of duties that come with rapid change programs in organizations (Plowman et al., 2007). Diversity of strategic options may occur in challenging and at the same time in normal times. In any case, the quality of leadership which is part of organizational culture becomes the key determinant of effective choices (Delbridge, Gratton and Johnson, 2006). The high level of professionalism of organizational leaders is desired since it helps them to make rational decisions for organizations. If mistakes are made at this stage, then there is a high likelihood of missing the mark in pursuance of change in organizations. In most cases, organizational members differ with the choice of strategies. Sound leaders are manifested at this crucial point (Latta, 2009). This helps organization in reaching consensus about the desired strategies. The choice of change strategies is affected by the culture of an organization. The choices that are made by the managers must be compatible with organizational operations (Pettigrew, 1990). Conclusion Change is a desired practice in the management of organizations. Organizational change entails the introduction of several adjustments to the operations of the companies. Change in or ganizations is a dynamic process. Strategic management of change is a combination of activities that help businesses in meeting the demand from the external environment. It has a direct effect on organizational culture. It is therefore imperative to say that culture can have both positive and negative impacts on organizational change. When the practices of an organization favour a given course of events, which denotes change, then it becomes easy to implement change programs. When a number of new organizational programs and process impact heavily on organizational norms, it becomes difficult for organizations to implement the programs and processes. In such cases, it forces organizations to devise and implement strategies which would ensure that organizational members and structures absorb change. Organizational culture entails the practices that are embraced by business ventures. From the discussion, it can be deduced that organizational culture is highly impacted upon by change pr ograms. Strategic change programs are desired as they help organizations adapt to the practices of strengthening the competitive forces of organizations. Leading strategic change entails the analysis of organizational practices and making recommendations that favour the performance of companies. More often, organizational change involves practices that force organizations to make substantial adjustments to their system of operation. Many companies are working on modalities of improving performance. Most organizational practices have a significant effect on the way firms work. It is, therefore, vital for organizational managers being vigilant as they introduce new programs. Change programs have many aspects of dynamism which affect organizational culture. Reference List Alvesson, M Sveningsson, S 2007, Changing Organizational Culture: Cultural Change Work in Progress, Taylor Francis, New York, amazon.com/Changing-Organizational-Culture-Cultural-Progress/dp/0415437628. Amagoh, F 200 8, ‘Perspectives on Organizational Change: Systems and Complexity Theories’, The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal, vol. 13 no. 3, 1-14, innovation.cc/scholarly-style/amagoh3dec2008jag2rev1.pdf. Argyris, C 2001, On Organizational Learning, Blackwell, London. Bamford, D Forrester, P 2003, ‘Managing planned and emergent change within an operations management environment’, International Journal of Operations Production Management, vol. 23 no. 5, 546–556, emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=849475show=pdf. Buono, A F Bowditch, J L 2003, The human side of mergers and acquisitions: Managing collisions between people, cultures, and organizations, Beard Books, Washington, DC, http://books.google.com/books?id=MqRPbirnnBcCprintsec=frontcoverhl=ru#v=onepageqf=false. Burnes, 2004, Managing Change, Pearson Education, UK. Cameron, E Green, M 2004, Making Sense of Change Management, Kogan Page, London. Clegg, S, Kornberger, M, Pits is, T 2005, Managing and Organizations: An introduction to Theory and Practice, Sage, London. Daft, RL, Murphy, J Willmott, H 2010, Organization theory and design, South-Western Cengage Learning, Andover, amazon.com/Organization-Theory-Design-Richard-Daft/dp/0324598890. Delbridge, R, Gratton, L Johnson, G 2006, The Exceptional Manager, Oxford University Press, Oxford, amazon.co.uk/Exceptional-Manager-Making-Difference/dp/0199228736. Fineman, S 2003, Understanding Emotion at Work, Sage, London, amazon.com/Understanding-Emotion-Work-Stephen-Fineman/dp/0761947906. Fineman, S 2008, Emotional organization; Passions and the Power, Blackwell, London, amazon.com/Emotional-Organization-Passions-Power/dp/1405160306. Herscovitch, L Meyer, J P 2002, ‘Commitment to organizational change: Extension of a three-component model’, Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 87 no. 2, 474–487, http://journals1.scholarsportal.info.ezproxy.lib.ryerson.ca/tmp/14169021142071216180.pdf. Huy, Q N 2002, ‘Emotional balancing of organizational continuity and radical change: The contribution of middle managers’, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 47 no 3, 31–69, jstor.org/stable/3094890. Kavanagh, M H Ashkanasy, N M, 2006, ‘The Impact of Leadership and Change Management Strategy on Organizational Culture and Individual Acceptance of Change during a Merger’, British Journal of Management, vol. 17 no. 2, 81–103, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2006.00480.x/abstract;jsessionid=6FF0A229F3A627D5E02A5DBF14D6E133.d01t03?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=userIsAuthenticated=false. King, D R, Dalton, D R, Daily, C M, Covin, J G 2004, ‘Meta-analyses of post acquisition performance: Indications of unidentified moderators’, Strategic Management Journal, vol. 25 no. 2, 187–200, http://journals1.scholarsportal.info.ezproxy.lib.ryerson.ca/tmp/8961001857065712972.pdf. Latta, G F 2009, ‘A Process Mode l of Organizational Change in Cultural Context (OC3 Model): The Impact of Organizational Culture on Leading Change’, Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies, vol. 16 no. 1, 19-37, http://skat.ihmc.us/rid=1GSQPFH9L-D6KVCN-Q90/A%20Process%20Model%20of%20Org%20Change%20in%20Cutural%20Context.pdf. Luecke, R 2003, Managing change and transition, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, amazon.com/Managing-Change-Transition-Richard-Luecke/dp/1578518741. Pettigrew, A 1990, ‘Studying strategic choice and strategic change: a comment on Mintzberg and Waters, ‘Does decision get in the way?’, Organization Studies, vol. 11 no. 1, 6-10, http://journals1.scholarsportal.info.ezproxy.lib.ryerson.ca/tmp/12659491582356535299.pdf. Plowman, D, Baker, L, Beck, T, Kulkarni, M, Solansky, S, Travis, D 2007, ‘Radical change accidentally: the emergence and amplification of small change’, Academy of Management Journal, vol. 50, no. 3, 515–543, http://bus.utk.e du/mgt/faculty/personal/plowman/documents/AMJradicalchange.pdf. Stace, D Dunphy, D 1991, ‘Beyond traditional paternalistic and developmental approaches to organizational change and human resource strategies, International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 22 no. 3, 263–284, tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09585199100000068. Teece, D, Pisano, G Shuen, A 1997, ‘Dynamic capabilities and strategic management’, Strategic Management Journal, vol. 18 no. 2, 509–533, http://faculty.fuqua.duke.edu/~charlesw/s591/Bocconi-Duke/Papers/C10/TeecePisanoShuenSMJ.pdf. Van Knippenberg, D Van Leeuwen, E 2001, ‘Organizational identity after a merger: Sense on continuity as a key to postmerger identification’, In: M. A. Hogg and D. J. Terry (eds), Social identity processes in organizational contexts, Psychology Press, Philadelphia, http://gpi.sagepub.com/content/13/4/461.refs. Weick, K E Quinn, R 1999, ‘Organizational change and developmen t’, American Review of Psychology, vol. 50 no. 4, 361-86, http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.lib.ryerson.ca/docview/205830411.

Can we know when to trust our emotions in the pursuit of knowledge Essay - 3

Can we know when to trust our emotions in the pursuit of knowledge Consider history and one other area of knowledge - Essay Example This mainly occurs when we lay our fundamental beliefs on matters of the heart rather than using brains to make our conclusions. This type of emotion provides us with strength to engage in intellectual activities. Knowledge is learning or studying something new a person didn’t know before.knowldge and its power suppresses normal schooling as it comes through a very long process of experiences (Campbell, 2002, pp204). Though schooling is educational, it cannot give someone an opportunity to experience knowledge that is experienced when an individual takes on a journey to explore new things. Guided by emotions, an individual tend to dwell deep on a matter and learn more than he or she can have a chance to learn more than ever, thus opening more avenues there were never there before. With emotions facilitating the search of knowledge an individual will have a chance to learn a broader spectrum of things. Using emotions and the art is a trustworthy action. In history, every story is related to emotions. Being compilations of stories from different personas, no one can stand and clearly say what the truth in history is. No one can certify whether historical accounts are true or not. In respect to this fact, the pursuit of knowledge in history then is said to be completely emotional experience (Campbell, 2002, pp134). History, involves evidence used, where it was made, whom it was made by and for what reason. History as a way of knowing the past happenings does not only help us to understand more on what is being researched, but also creates insight into the time period. Sometimes when an individual acts emotionally, his or her rationality is very weak thus allowing an opportunity for history misconstruction. Emotions can immensely affect history. For example, during the trial of David Irving versus Dr. Deborah, and Penguin publishers. Irving was accused to be anti-Semite and a racist, but he strongly resented the accusations saying that the

Discuss and critically assess the assertion that the role of marketing Essay

Discuss and critically assess the assertion that the role of marketing - Essay Example The essay will go on to compare whether marketing has a more functional rather than strategic role in the era of modern marketing and how this is reflected in modern marketing strategies in the modern corporate world. The Marketing concept entails the philosophy that firms should be able to analyse consumer needs and then make any decisions to satisfy those needs (Nakata.C.2002). The concept is fairly new and only found its way into modern business philosophy after the Second World War. (Nakata.C.2002). However even in the 18th century economists like Adam Smith in his book the wealth of nations 1776 were of view that needs of the producers should only be viewed in sync with the needs of the consumers (Nakata.C.2002). There has been much academic consensus that the role of marketing is often viewed from too narrow a perspective. (Anttila 2002, Anderson 1982).This assertion then begs the question as to what is the comprehensive perspective of the marketing concept. Thus it would seem that the wider role of marketing synthesizes a variety of particular skills and practices learned as well as resources created "translating the philosophy into specific business strategies in order to achieve competitive advantages and superior performance".Antilla 2002). Strategic planning, is how an organisation defines its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy, including its capital and people. (Schultz 1994).The concept of marketing on the other hand has come a long way. As long back as 1910 there was "a period of conceptualization" for marketing and it was celebrated as "matter in motion". (Robert 1976) During the following decades the concept of marketing then integrated and developed and it was given agreed that the functional institutional commodity analysis of marketing was unsatisfactory and a definition of marketing evolved (Robert 1976). Marketing as a necessity for all stages of production Selling gets differentiated from marketing by the fact that selling is only done when a product is made available on the shelf within a retail outlet while marketing starts right at the beginning as early as the idea is conceived or being developed (Orpen, 1985).This contention above alone would demonstrate how marketing has penetrated the earlier stages of production and how it has become indispensable for making the strategies succeed. (Anderson 1982)All this however also entails that the narrow, specialist approach to marketing would weaken the strategic planning itself.(Anderson 1982,Shiner 1998) Marketing as an integral and strategic part of the general management orientation In the understanding of the role of marketing vis a vis strategic planning a much seasoned approach would be to assess the relationship between the two before passing a judgment on the role of modern marketing. As I have mentioned before strategic planning concerns the "direction of business"(Robert 1976) as regarding its production, output finance and operations. Where does marketing fit in then Marketing will fill in the gap and solidify the strategic

Promotional Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Promotional Analysis - Research Paper Example The area of the business is strategically located in order for its esteemed customers to access quickly. Because the store also has a high volume of individuals, it is situated in the center of the city and a very spacious locality. Due to greater demand for perfume across the world, the idea of note fragrance came into being. Moreover, the availability of materials as well as skilled labor required producing the product enhanced product generation, also there the high demand for quality and affordable fragrance perfumes boosted the business idea in its existence. Like any other business, the owners of note fragrance had an intention of making profit and employment generation to individuals around the world. In addition, strategic location of the company as well-advanced marketing strategies that are E-marketing among other online services boosted the Idea of generating the Note fragrance store. The business also requires little capital start as cheap and readily labor contributes in one way to another for the development of the fragrance shop. The idea of creating my perfumes emerges because passions and interest in perfumes. Apart from enjoying the beautiful scent of the perfume, I join the business for the sake of make profit and try to make ends meet. Due to readily available market for the product and sufficient infrastructure also boosts the need for one to invest heavily in the business. The product also does not only concentrate on particular individuals, but it cuts across to; young and old, men as well as women. Due to high demand and readily available market for the product, it will call for massive production that will increase the volumes of supplies hence meeting the customers demand at any given time across the world. Fragrance oil international limited is one of the major competitors, producing the same product as Note fragrance. In addition, luxury store also sells

Similarities and differences of youth justice systems

Similarities and differences of youth justice systems Introduction Different countries have their own different way of dealing with their young offenders. Youth offenses comprise a sensitive issue that ought to be handled with care. The youth justice system of any country is charged with the responsibility of dealing with young offenders. The paper is a review into the similarities and the differences of youth justice systems in England and Wales and Sweden in view of their youth justice systems. Barth (1992) emphasizes that there are many reasons as to why the youth engage in criminal activities among them poor parenting and lack of proper education. Different societies respond to crime differently and the response to a particular crime varies as societies evolve changing its values over time. For instance, during the olden days, the words rehabilitation and the rights of the child were rarely talked about but in the modern day our societies have changed and incorporated such concepts and this have affected the way we punish the youth. Societys definition of minor and major crimes has also changed over time (White, 2001). However, it is evident that as societies change over time and children who in the olden days were thought not in a position to commit crimes are now committing them. Justice systems have also evolved to cope with the changes in society. The youth justice system in light of the welfare of the child has come up with ways to deal with young offenders in a way that is different from the one that is used in dealing with adults and also a way that incorporates the welfare of the child. One factor is therefore clear that the youth justice system in England and Wales and Sweden have changed over time to keep abreast with the changes in crime activities involving the youths. In regard to England and Wales and in view of social disclosure, the proceedings and the verdict of a case where a person who is considered a youth has committed a crime, may be reported by the media but the persons identity is not to be openly disclosed to the public (Hill, Lockyer, Stone, 2007). According to Hill, Lockyer, Stone, (2007) in terms of social disclosure in England and Wales, the information is not reported to the public freely. Press members are restricted in terms of the information that they can report to the public. In addition, only selected members are allowed to the proceedings in which a minor is being judged. Only the members of the press, parents and guardian of the offender are allowed into the proceeding which shows that the justice system in England and Wales takes serous offence in disclosing criminal information regarding a minor. However, Sweden has a different approach to social disclosure involving young peoples offences. Young offenders in Sweden ar e not tried in a different court from their adult counterparts and therefore information relating to young people offenses is open to the general public. One of the ways that the youth justice system in England and Wales is similar to that of Sweden is through the use of restorative judgment. According to White (2001) England and Wales youth justice system aims at identifying youths who are at risk of engaging in offenses. The principal aim of the youth justice system in England and Wales is to prevent the youths in indulging in activities that can result in crime and hence the existence of youth offending teams in England and Wales. For instance, it is believed that if the youths have plenty of activities to indulge in they rarely engage in criminal activities. The interventions created allow youths to be occupied and hence lack the time to indulge in criminal activities. Similarly Swedens youth justice system is committed to preventing crimes occurring among the youths (Sundeen, 2002). This is done through the use of social welfare committees who take responsibility of the offenders and are in charge of reforming the youth. However, reformation of youth offenders in Sweden is compulsory. In economic sense, it is easier to have interventions and programs that prevent the youth from indulging in criminal activities than to wait until its too late and youths have to be sentenced to life imprisonment (Sundeen, 2002). Littlechild, (1997) suggests that decision making is crucial to all youths whether in Sweden or in England and Wales. Most of the times, it is argued that young people are not in a position to make decisions on their involvements in activities that are deemed as criminal activities by the law. In England and Wales, a young offender who is charged with a criminal offense is between the ages 10 years and 18 years while in Sweden, a young person who can be charged with a criminal offense is usually below the age of 15. At the age of 15 years and above, young offenders in Sweden are tried in the same courts as the adults. Drawing a sharp contrast in the two countries youth justice systems (Littlechild, 1997), the age at which a person is deemed an adult matters. Young offenders who are 18 years in England and Wales are tried in youth courts and therefore categorized as persons who are influenced by their age in decision making. Muncie, Hughes, McLaughing, (2002) points out that though the youth justice system in Sweden recognizes that young people are under a lot of pressure when making decisions, it does not offer any exceptions when trying young persons in courts between the ages of 15 years to 18 years. In England and Wales, a person who is 18 years and is being tried in a youth court has a better understanding of the youth justice system as compared to a person who is 18 years in Sweden and is being tried in a criminal court (Stephenson, Giller, Brown, 2007). Young offenders in England and Wales are at a better position of understanding the law in regard to criminal offenses as opposed young offenders in Sweden at the age of between 15 years and 18 years and who are tried in criminal courts. However, youth justice systems in both states also plays the role of ensuring that youths understand the repercussion of their negative actions and behavior in the society. Youth justice systems play a major role in legal referencing. It has helped in reprimanding the youths in both states though the approach to young persons offenders differs between the states. In Sweden, (Sundeen, 2002) the approach used in the youth justice system leans more towards the welfare of the young persons. The Swedish youth justice system focuses on the need of the young person and therefore instead of punishing the young offender, he or she is placed in the hands of the local authority which is in charge of the youth justice system. Even though young persons at the age of 15 to 17 years are tried in criminal courts, the courts place the responsibility of the young person in the compulsory social services in Sweden. In England and Wales, the youth justice system is oriented towards punishing the young offenders and making them pay for the mistakes they have done without the considering that the young person may have committed the crime due to various circumstances. It is a rgued that when a young offender is punished for his or her mistakes, he or she is likely to learn from the mistake because the punishment will serve him or her as a negative reinforcement associated with doing wrong. Over the years, youth justice systems have spurred debates as to their effectiveness in reducing criminal activities among the youth. Major policies in both countries (Stephenson, Giller, Brown, 2007) have become the subject of internal politics in the youth justice systems. For instance in England and Wales, there are some people who feel that when young offenders are taken to social welfare organizations, they interact with other young people who do not have a criminal background and might in turn learn the vices through socializing with the young offenders. Others feel that the youth justice systems are not instrumental in reducing criminal activities among the youth for instance in England and Wales while in Sweden, the youth justice system has done a commendable job. Therefore, in both countries, youth justice systems are subject to politics and scrutiny by even politicians. In conclusion, matters relating to crimes by young offenders are very sensitive. Each state handles its young offenders in different ways. It is apparent that criminal activities among the young people do occur and no gender is an exceptional. White (2001) argues that both girls and boys are capable of committing a crime. The state has the mandate of ensuring the safety of her citizens and therefore cannot let the young offenders go free committing crimes and without punishment. On the other hand, the young offenders to the state are the future leaders of tomorrow and therefore, the state needs to take care of them. According to Stephenson, Giller, Brown, (2007) interventions should focus on the needs of the youth and consequently help the young offenders reform and avoid indulging in criminal activities. A good example is the way Sweden handles its young offenders through a compulsory welfare program. According to Barry (1994) in Sweden, the needs of the child are carefully assesse d and the youth justice system is more interested in helping the child develop and learn from his or her mistakes than in punishing the young offender.

An Analysis of Edgar Allan Poes Annabel Lee Essay -- Annabel Lee Essa

An Analysis  of  Edgar Allan Poe's Annabel Lee In life, as in death, Edgar Allan Poe evoked a feeling of sympathy from his readership.   Those who knew him well considered him deep, mysterious and contemplative; thus, coupled with the copious tragedies he suffered throughout his life, especially the loss of his first wife Virginia, it is easy to understand how the author brings out the theme of Annabel Lee through personal/setting imagery, repetition of words and rhythm/rhyme.   Annabel Lee honors the memory of Poe's deceased wife, Virginia.   Throughout the poem, his use of personal imagery helps the reader to grasp the intense feelings of loss he continues to experience long after her passing.   The setting imagery is critical to this particular literary piece, in that it is through setting that one gains a significantly better realization of his anguish.   A passage from what came to be the last poem written by Poe before his death illustrates his torment: "The angels, not half so happy in heaven, went envying her and me- Yes! - That was the reason (as all men know, In this kingdom by the sea) That the wind came out of the cloud by night, Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee. "But our love it was stronger by far than the love Of those who were older than we- Of many far wiser than we- And neither the angels in heaven above, Nor the demons down under the sea, Can ever dissever my soul from the soul Of the beautiful Annabel Lee." No matter his efforts, Poe just could not seem to shake the loss of Virginia.   He especially had difficulty forgetting her final days, watching her cough up blood and slowly dies of tuberculosis.   He could not even afford a blanket or handful of coal with wh... ...nd but elusive subtleties.   To be sure, Poe was a writer who incorporated a significant amount of blatancy while also implying considerable obscurity. This dichotomy has served to be the cornerstone of the author's works, which have successfully stood the test of time.   "And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side Of my darling- my darling- my life and my bride, In the sepulchre there by the sea, In her tomb by the sounding sea."   Without question, Annabel Lee provides a unique insight into the relationships among theme, rhythm and imagery.   Also evident within the very essence of the story is the manner in which it illustrates the compassion inherent within such a master composer as the troubled Edgar Allan Poe. Works Cited: Poe, Edgar Allan. ?Annabel Lee.? The Book of Living Verse. Ed. Louis Untermeyer. New York: Harcourt, 1939.

1. Discuss Dr. Faustus as a tragedy Essay

Ans—Understanding of Christopher Marlowe’s Elizabethan tragedy, Dr. Faustus, can be framed in terms of the Renaissance philosophy and the Elizabethan tragedy, which takes a different turn on some points from the Aristotelian tragedy, for instance such as the Elizabethan tragedy’s requisite death of the tragic hero. Dr. Faustus demonstrates the Renaissance philosophy that pits the dichotomy of good, angelic humanity against evil, depraved humanity. Marlowe’s play also is a model of the Elizabethan tragedy. Marlowe constructed the character of Dr. Faustus to represent within himself both characteristics of the Renaissance view of humanity as divinely good and hellishly evil. First, Dr. Faustus is presented as a scholar of all things including divinity, the highest Renaissance scholarly discipline. Then, Faustus is shown as dissatisfied with the limitations of humanity and grasping for unlimited knowledge, which is a Biblical allusion to Adam and Eve who ate of the Tree of Knowledge. Throughout the play, Faustus descends to lower and lower planes of knowledge in his pursuit for the â€Å"power† and â€Å"omnipotence† that comes from knowledge. At the beginning, Mephistopheles answers all Faustus’ questions but draws the line on talk of the universe, which can be seen to stand for astronomical and cosmological studies–the very studies that science is deeply involved in today: CERN; Hubble; SoHo; etc). Faustus must be content with merely mapping the universe instead of understanding it. Marlowe ultimately shows in Dr. Faustus the futility of the quest for ultimate knowledge and the inevitable end result of abandoning moral integrity for omnipotent knowledge. Dr. Faustus also represents a Classic Elizabethan tragedy. First, the tragic hero has a flaw or makes an error in judgment that leads to his own doom. It’s hard to say whether Faustus had a fatal flaw in his character or whether he was doomed by a faulty understanding that lead to a fatally disastrous error in judgment. All along the way, Faustus has doubts and hesitations which speak for an integrity of his moral character. If he has a fatal flaw, it might be that he did not reckon the power of evil highly enough, that he thought that with omnipotent knowledge, he could free himself from the chains of evil he wrapped so blithely around himself. Adam and Eve also fell to the punishment from the lure of knowledge. Of course, quite often Faustus’ fatal flaw is said to be greed and irreverent disregard for goodness. One clue to forming a literary stance on the question lies in examining his hesitations and second thoughts. In addition to this, the questions addressed in Marlowe’s play are nobel universal questions pertaining to the highest order of considerations: the meaning of life and death, the quest for knowledge, the respective power of of good and evil. In further accord with elizabethan tragedy, the play Dr. Faustus employs comedic relief through the presence of clowns that also acts as a means of giving information about the characters and the action of the play. The clowns in Dr. Faustus are Rafe and Robin. In Elizabethan tragedy, the clowns (rural, country simpletons who misuse language accidentally) and fools (urban dwellers who play with language and â€Å"misuse† it intentionally for wit) generally replace the Greek Chorus that carried the task of moving the st ory along with information not performed on stage, but in Dr. Faustus, Marlowe employs both the Greek-style Chorus and Elizabethan clowns. Finally, in keeping with Elizabethan tragic form, Faustus gets himself in so deep, his tragic flaw or error in judgement is so aggregious that it leads ultimately and necessarily to his death, thus fulfilling the fate of an Elizabethan tragic hero. Since Faustus has overestimated what he can attain from an arrangement with Lucifer and since he underestimated the power of Lucifer’s evil, his ultimate end must be and is death even though he recognizes his mistakes and pleads for pardon.

Poli sci essays

Poli sci essays The presidential elections this year play a very important role in our lives. Every four years different campaigns encourage people to let their voice be heard by voting. Fortunately, we as citizens of this prosperous first world nation, have rights that arent implicated in many other nations as they are in our own. One of the fundamental rights we have is the right to vote, being a democratic capitalist society, and we have to take advantage of this opportunity and act upon it to actually make a difference. Still the main question that draws curiosity in my mind is weather the elections by themselves assure that the voice of the masses is actually heard and to how much of an extent do our elected political leaders listen to the public. It can be argued that the best way to solve a problem of this sort is to establish an initiative procedure for the entire nation similar to the one used in the state of California. To introduce the initiative procedure to the federal government, many steps and changes would need to be made, since the federal government has many more priorities and obligations than a local or state government does. The goal of this particular reform, if it was to be enforced upon the political structure of our nation, would be to limit the power of our respected leaders in Washington and their friends by reducing their influence while at the same time increasing that of the general populace. It would be required that the registered voters of our country have a stronger influence, and the level of democracy move up a notch to an extent that if enough of the population were to strongly voice certain views and beliefs that would benefit our country agreed by the judicial system, along with carrying out the proper procedures of the subject at hand, then reforms would take place and views of the masses would be imposed as a law of the nation. I believe that if this initiative reform would ever to take place, then and...

Avogadros Number - Example Chemistry Problem

Avogadros Number Chemistry Problem Avogadros number is used in chemistry when you need to work with very large numbers. Its the basis for the mole unit of measurement, which provides an easy way to convert between moles, mass, and the number of molecules. For example, you can use the number to find the number of water molecules in a single snowflake. (Hint: Its an enormous number!) Avogadros Number Example Problem - Number of Molecules in a Given Mass Question: How many H2O molecules are there in a snowflake weighing 1 mg? Solution: Step 1 - Determine the mass of 1 mole of H2O Snowflakes are made of water, or H2O. To obtain the mass of 1 mole of water, look up the atomic masses for hydrogen and oxygen from the Periodic Table. There are two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen for every H2O molecule, so the mass of H2O is: mass of H2O 2 (mass of H) mass of Omass of H2O 2 ( 1.01 g ) 16.00 gmass of H2O 2.02 g 16.00 gmass of H2O 18.02 g Step 2 - Determine the number of H2O molecules in one gram of water One mole of H2O is 6.022 x 1023 molecules of H2O (Avogadros number). This relation is then used to convert a number of H2O molecules to grams by the ratio: mass of X molecules of H2O / X molecules mass of a mole of H20 molecules / 6.022 x 1023 molecules Solve for X molecules of H2O X molecules of H2O ( 6.022 x 1023 H2O molecules ) / ( mass of a mole H2O  · mass of X molecules of H2O Enter the values for the question:X molecules of H2O ( 6.022 x 1023 H2O molecules ) / ( 18.02g  · 1 g )X molecules of H2O 3.35 x 1022 molecules/gram There are 3.35 x 1022 H2O molecules in 1 g of H2O. Our snowflake weighs 1 mg and 1 g 1000 mg. X molecules of H2O 3.35 x 1022 molecules/gram  · (1 g /1000 mg )X molecules of H2O 3.35 x 1019 molecules/mg Answer There are 3.35 x 1019 H2O molecules in a 1 mg snowflake. Avogadros Number Problem Key Takeaways Avogadros number is 6.02 x 1023. It is the number of particles in a mole.You can use Avogadros number to convert between mass and the number of molecules of any pure substance.If you are given the mass of a sample (such as a snowflake), convert the mass to moles, and then use Avogadros number to convert from moles to molecules.

Financial Management Problems and case #6 Essay

Financial Management Problems and case #6 - Essay Example Reporting a large loss and/or increasing dividend payout would have a negative effect on cash and profitability. Problem 9: MVA - Henderson Industries, with a stock price of $60, $500MM of issued common stock, and an MVA of $130MM has shares outstanding in the amount of 10,500,000; the result of the sum of the book value ($500MM) and the market value added ($130MM) divided by the share price. Problem 10: Cash Flow - Based on the information provided regarding Bailey Corporation's Income Statement: (a) The net operating profit after taxes is $3B [NOPAT=EBIT(1-Tax rate)=$4B(1-$1B)]. (b) The net cash flow is $4.5B [NCF=NI+D&A=$1.5B+$3B]. (c) The operating cash flow is $6B [OCF=EBIT(1-Tax rate)+D&A=$3B+$3B]. (d) The free cash flow is $2.7B [FCF=OCF-IOC=$6B-$3.3B]. Problem 11: Income Statement - Based on the information provided regarding Hermann Industries' Income Statement forecasts, the forecasted net income would be achieved by a sales figure of $ 12,681,481.47: Sales $12,681,481.47 Operating Costs (55% of Sales) ($ 6,974,814.81) EBITDA $ 5,706,666.66 Depreciation & Amortization ($ 880,000.00) EBIT $ 4,826,666.66 Interest ($ 660,000.00) EBT $ 4,166,666.66 Taxes (40%) ($ 1,666,666.66) Net Income $ 2,500,000.00 EMBA 503, Financial Management Case Six YOUR FULL NAME YOUR INSTITUION OR SCHOOL PROFESSOR DATE Lottery Winnings: Case Study Six 1. If you were one of the winners, which option would you select Why I would choose the cash option. I would do this primarily because I could invest the money safely and obtain a return that, although less than the annuity payment, would still give me more money than I need each year and would never... Problem 9: MVA - Henderson Industries, with a stock price of $60, $500MM of issued common stock, and an MVA of $130MM has shares outstanding in the amount of 10,500,000; the result of the sum of the book value ($500MM) and the market value added ($130MM) divided by the share price. Problem 11: Income Statement - Based on the information provided regarding Hermann Industries' Income Statement forecasts, the forecasted net income would be achieved by a sales figure of $ 12,681,481.47: 1. If you were one of the winners, which option would you select Why I would choose the cash option. I would do this primarily because I could invest the money safely and obtain a return that, although less than the annuity payment, would still give me more money than I need each year and would never diminish the principal. Also, if I did not spend all of the money gained from the investment, the compound interest would increase my portfolio significantly. Finally, my tax burden would be less over the long term because capital gains from the investments are taxed at a lower rate in the U.S. than regular income. 3. Is the State of Michigan justified in advertising the prize amount as $363 million Explain.

Humanities Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Humanities - Assignment Example The gods represented in the poem make their actions based on unknown hasty and premature decisions. As a result, the cause of the flood remains unclear: â€Å"Then came the flood, sent by gods intent.† (15). On the contrary, the Bible gives a definite answer: the cause of the flood was the immoral behavior of the people (Gen. 6.5). In other words, in the epic of Gilgamesh, the deadly flood was the result of a whim of the gods, while in the Bible - a punishment for sin. God of the Bible could not accept the immoral behavior of people since it offended His divine plan, and He deliberately decided to destroy mankind. In the poem, there is no explanation as to why Utnapishtim had an opportunity for salvation, while the Bible explains why God chose Noah to be saved: â€Å"Noah was a just man and perfect in his generations, and Noah walked with God† (Gen. 6.9). For this reason, God of the Bible did not regret His decision, while the gods of the poem began to regret their acti ons, blaming Enlil that he did not punish the sole culprit of his anger. The Inferno by Dante is a world masterpiece of medieval literature. This literary work is linked with both ancient heritage and the ideas of Christian Catholicism to convey the most important religious issues that existed in Western Europe in the Middle Ages. This work is characterized by a special vividness of images that have been used by Dante to realize his goals. In The Inferno, the poet portrayed his journey to the afterlife. In general, The Inferno is based on Christian mythology as well as on the doctrine of heaven and hell (Raffa 2). The hero visits various fantastic places: Hell, which has nine circles, Purgatory, and Heaven. Dante sees the amazing wonders, meets with the angels, the righteous, the souls of sinners, God, Lucifer and his minions, as well as the heroes of ancient myths. The moral sense of Dante’s travel